webpack

What is webpack?

Webpack is a powerful module bundler for JavaScript applications. It processes applications by internally building a dependency graph which maps every module your project needs and generates one or more bundles. It is highly extensible via loaders and plugins, and it's designed to manage, transform, and bundle frontend assets like JavaScript, CSS, and images.

What are webpack's main functionalities?

Module Bundling

Webpack bundles all the JavaScript files and other assets like CSS and images into a single output file. The code sample shows a basic webpack configuration defining an entry point and the output bundle.

module.exports = {
  entry: './path/to/my/entry/file.js',
  output: {
    path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
    filename: 'my-first-webpack.bundle.js'
  }
};

Loaders

Loaders allow webpack to process different types of files and convert them into modules that can be included in your bundle. The code sample demonstrates how to use loaders to handle .txt and .css files.

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      { test: /\.txt$/, use: 'raw-loader' },
      { test: /\.css$/, use: ['style-loader', 'css-loader'] }
    ]
  }
};

Plugins

Plugins can be leveraged to perform a wider range of tasks like bundle optimization, asset management, and environment variable injection. The code sample shows how to use the HtmlWebpackPlugin to generate an index.html file with the bundled assets injected.

const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');

module.exports = {
  plugins: [new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ template: './src/index.html' })]
};

Development Server

Webpack provides a development server that can be used to serve your application during development. It supports live reloading. The code sample configures the webpack development server to serve files from the 'dist' directory.

module.exports = {
  devServer: {
    contentBase: './dist',
    open: true
  }
};

Code Splitting

Code splitting allows you to split your code into various bundles which can then be loaded on demand or in parallel. The code sample shows how to split the application and vendor code into separate bundles.

module.exports = {
  entry: {
    app: './src/app.js',
    vendor: './src/vendor.js'
  },
  output: {
    filename: '[name].bundle.js',
    path: __dirname + '/dist'
  }
};

Other packages similar to webpack

rollup

Rollup is a module bundler for JavaScript which uses a flat bundle approach that's more efficient for libraries and applications with a complex module structure. It's known for its tree-shaking capabilities, which eliminate unused code.

parcel

Parcel is a web application bundler that offers a zero-configuration setup. It's known for its fast bundle times and out-of-the-box support for many file types without the need for additional plugins or loaders.

browserify

Browserify lets you require('modules') in the browser by bundling up all of your dependencies. It's been around longer than webpack and has a simpler approach, but it lacks some of the more advanced features and optimizations that webpack offers.

fuse-box

FuseBox is a bundler/module loader that combines the power of webpack, JSPM, and SystemJS. It introduces a streamlined workflow and has a powerful API. It's known for its speed and simplicity.

README

webpack

webpack is a module bundler. Its main purpose is to bundle JavaScript files for usage in a browser, yet it is also capable of transforming, bundling, or packaging just about any resource or asset.

Install

Install with npm:

npm install --save-dev webpack

Install with yarn:

yarn add webpack --dev

Introduction

This README reflects Webpack v2.x and v3.x. The Webpack v1.x documentation can be found here.

webpack is a bundler for modules. The main purpose is to bundle JavaScript files for usage in a browser, yet it is also capable of transforming, bundling, or packaging just about any resource or asset.

TL;DR

• Bundles ES Modules, CommonJS and AMD modules (even combined).
• Can create a single bundle or multiple chunks that are asynchronously loaded at runtime (to reduce initial loading time).
• Dependencies are resolved during compilation, reducing the runtime size.
• Loaders can preprocess files while compiling, e.g. TypeScript to JavaScript, Handlebars strings to compiled functions, images to Base64, etc.
• Highly modular plugin system to do whatever else your application requires.

Get Started

Check out webpack's quick Get Started guide and the other guides.

Concepts

Plugins

webpack has a rich plugin interface. Most of the features within webpack itself use this plugin interface. This makes webpack very flexible.

Name	Status	Description
common-chunks-webpack-plugin		Generates chunks of common modules shared between entry points and splits them into separate bundles (e.g vendor.bundle.js && app.bundle.js)
extract-text-webpack-plugin		Extracts Text (CSS) from your bundles into a separate file (app.bundle.css)
compression-webpack-plugin		Prepares compressed versions of assets to serve them with Content-Encoding
i18n-webpack-plugin		Adds i18n support to your bundles
html-webpack-plugin		Simplifies creation of HTML files (index.html) to serve your bundles

Loaders

webpack enables use of loaders to preprocess files. This allows you to bundle any static resource way beyond JavaScript. You can easily write your own loaders using Node.js.

Loaders are activated by using loadername! prefixes in require() statements, or are automatically applied via regex from your webpack configuration.

Files

Name	Status	Description
raw-loader		Loads raw content of a file (utf-8)
val-loader		Executes code as module and considers exports as JS code
url-loader		Works like the file loader, but can return a Data Url if the file is smaller than a limit
file-loader		Emits the file into the output folder and returns the (relative) url

JSON

Name	Status	Description
		Loads a JSON file (included by default)
		Loads and transpiles a JSON 5 file
		Loads and transpiles a CSON file

Transpiling

Name	Status	Description
<script>		Executes a JavaScript file once in global context (like in script tag), require()s are not parsed
		Loads ES2015+ code and transpiles to ES5 using Babel
		Loads ES2015+ code and transpiles to ES5 using Traceur
		Loads TypeScript like JavaScript
awesome-typescript-loader		Awesome TypeScript loader for webpack
		Loads CoffeeScript like JavaScript

Templating

Name	Status	Description
		Exports HTML as string, requires references to static resources
		Loads Pug templates and returns a function
		Loads Jade templates and returns a function
		Compiles Markdown to HTML
		Loads and transforms a HTML file using PostHTML
		Compiles Handlebars to HTML

Styling

Name	Status	Description
<style>		Add exports of a module as style to DOM
		Loads CSS file with resolved imports and returns CSS code
		Loads and compiles a LESS file
		Loads and compiles a SASS/SCSS file
		Loads and compiles a Stylus file
		Loads and transforms a CSS/SSS file using PostCSS

Linting & Testing

Name	Status	Description
		Tests with mocha (Browser/NodeJS)
		PreLoader for linting code using ESLint
		PreLoader for linting code using JSHint

Frameworks

Name	Status	Description
		Loads and compiles Vue Components
		Process HTML & CSS with preprocessor of choice and require() Web Components like first-class modules
		Loads and compiles Angular 2 Components
		Riot official webpack loader

Performance

webpack uses async I/O and has multiple caching levels. This makes webpack fast and incredibly fast on incremental compilations.

Module Formats

webpack supports ES2015+, CommonJS and AMD modules out of the box. It performs clever static analysis on the AST of your code. It even has an evaluation engine to evaluate simple expressions. This allows you to support most existing libraries out of the box.

Code Splitting

webpack allows you to split your codebase into multiple chunks. Chunks are loaded asynchronously at runtime. This reduces the initial loading time.

Optimizations

webpack can do many optimizations to reduce the output size of your JavaScript by deduplicating frequently used modules, minifying, and giving you full control of what is loaded initially and what is loaded at runtime through code splitting. It can also make your code chunks cache friendly by using hashes.

Contributing

We want contributing to webpack to be fun, enjoyable, and educational for anyone, and everyone. We have a vibrant ecosystem that spans beyond this single repo. We welcome you to check out any of the repositories in our organization or webpack-contrib organization which houses all of our loaders and plugins.

Contributions go far beyond pull requests and commits. Although we love giving you the opportunity to put your stamp on webpack, we also are thrilled to receive a variety of other contributions including:

• Documentation updates, enhancements, designs, or bugfixes
• Spelling or grammar fixes
• README.md corrections or redesigns
• Adding unit, or functional tests
• Triaging GitHub issues -- especially determining whether an issue still persists or is reproducible.
• Searching #webpack on twitter and helping someone else who needs help
• Teaching others how to contribute to one of the many webpack's repos!
• Blogging, speaking about, or creating tutorials about one of webpack's many features.
• Helping others in our webpack gitter channel.

If you are worried or don't know where to start, you can always reach out to Sean Larkin (@TheLarkInn) on Twitter or simply submit an issue and a maintainer can help give you guidance!

We have also started a series on our Medium Publication called The Contributor's Guide to webpack. We welcome you to read it and post any questions or responses if you still need help.

Looking to speak about webpack? We'd love to review your talk abstract/CFP! You can email it to webpack [at] opencollective [dot] com and we can give pointers or tips!!!

Creating your own plugins and loaders

If you create a loader or plugin, we would <3 for you to open source it, and put it on npm. We follow the x-loader, x-webpack-plugin naming convention.

Support

We consider webpack to be a low-level tool used not only individually but also layered beneath other awesome tools. Because of it's flexibility, webpack isn't always the easiest entry-level solution, however we do believe it is the most powerful. That said, we're always looking for ways improve and simplify the tool without compromising functionality. If you have any ideas on ways to accomplish this, we're all ears!

If you're just getting started, take a look at our new docs and concepts page. This has a high level overview that is great for beginners!!

If you want to discuss something or just need help, here is our Gitter room where there are always individuals looking to help out!

If you are still having difficulty, we would love for you to post a question to StackOverflow with the webpack tag. It is much easier to answer questions that include your webpack.config.js and relevant files! So if you can provide them, we'd be extremely grateful (and more likely to help you find the answer!)

If you are twitter savvy you can tweet #webpack with your question and someone should be able to reach out and help also.

If you have discovered a 🐜 or have a feature suggestion, feel free to create an issue on Github.

License

Core Team

Tobias Koppers Core Founder of webpack

Johannes Ewald Loaders & Plugins Early adopter of webpack

Sean T. Larkin Public Relations Founder of the core team

Juho Vepsäläinen Documentation Author

Kees Kluskens Development Sponsor

Sponsoring

Most of the core team members, webpack contributors and contributors in the ecosystem do this open source work in their free time. If you use webpack for a serious task, and you'd like us to invest more time on it, please donate. This project increases your income/productivity too. It makes development and applications faster and it reduces the required bandwidth.

This is how we use the donations:

• Allow the core team to work on webpack
• Thank contributors if they invested a large amount of time in contributing
• Support projects in the ecosystem that are of great value for users
• Support projects that are voted most (work in progress)
• Infrastructure cost
• Fees for money handling

Premium Partners

Other Backers and Sponsors

Before we started using OpenCollective, donations were made anonymously. Now that we have made the switch, we would like to acknowledge these sponsors (and the ones who continue to donate using OpenCollective). If we've missed someone, please send us a PR, and we'll add you to this list.

Google Angular Team, Architects.io,

Gold Sponsors

Become a gold sponsor and get your logo on our README on Github with a link to your site.

Silver Sponsors

Become a sliver sponsor and get your logo on our README on Github with a link to your site.

Bronze Sponsors

Become a bronze sponsor and get your logo on our README on Github with a link to your site.

Backers

Become a backer and get your image on our README on Github with a link to your site.

Thanks to

(In chronological order)

• @google for Google Web Toolkit (GWT), which aims to compile Java to JavaScript. It features a similar Code Splitting as webpack.
• @medikoo for modules-webmake, which is a similar project. webpack was born because I wanted Code Splitting for modules-webmake. Interestingly the Code Splitting issue is still open (thanks also to @Phoscur for the discussion).
• @substack for browserify, which is a similar project and source for many ideas.
• @jrburke for require.js, which is a similar project and source for many ideas.
• @defunctzombie for the browser-field spec, which makes modules available for node.js, browserify and webpack.
• Every early webpack user, which contributed to webpack by writing issues or PRs. You influenced the direction...
• @shama, @jhnns and @sokra for maintaining this project
• Everyone who has written a loader for webpack. You are the ecosystem...
• Everyone I forgot to mention here, but also influenced webpack.